What does a criterion-referenced test measure specifically?

A criterion-referenced test measures a student's performance against a specific set of standards or criteria, rather than comparing the student's performance to that of other students. This type of assessment is designed to determine whether each student has achieved specific learning objectives or outcomes as defined by the curriculum. For example, if the criterion is a particular level of proficiency in math skills, the test assesses whether a student can demonstrate that specific level of understanding and mastery. This is particularly useful in evaluating whether students have learned what they were expected to learn, allowing educators to identify areas that may need additional support or instruction. This focus on established standards makes criterion-referenced tests effective tools for measuring student achievement and guiding educational decisions.