Which of the following best describes the teacher's approach in adjusting Nathan's goal to 20 addition facts?

The teacher's adjustment of Nathan's goal to 20 addition facts reflects both an appropriate modification to a cognitive task and a clear understanding of a developmental need for competence.

In this scenario, appropriate modification to a cognitive task means that the teacher recognizes Nathan’s current skill level and makes an adjustment that is both challenging and achievable for him. By setting a goal that is within Nathan's reach, the teacher is enabling him to focus on mastering essential skills without overwhelming him, which is fundamental in fostering learning and cognitive development.

Furthermore, a clear understanding of a developmental need for competence indicates that the teacher is aware of the importance of supporting Nathan’s sense of achievement and self-efficacy. When learners feel competent, they are more likely to engage with the material, persevere through challenges, and develop intrinsic motivation.

Therefore, by selecting the goal of 20 addition facts, the teacher demonstrates a well-rounded approach that incorporates both the necessary modifications for cognitive tasks and the understanding that children thrive when they experience success and develop their skills gradually.