Which statement best describes instruction using Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD)?

The concept of Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD) emphasizes the importance of providing support to learners in tasks that they cannot complete independently but can achieve with guidance or assistance. The correct answer involves using manipulative cubes to help second-grade students learn regrouping in addition, as this approach aligns perfectly with the ZPD framework.

When using manipulative cubes, the teacher facilitates learning by providing a tangible resource that students can manipulate, making abstract concepts more concrete. This hands-on support enables students to bridge the gap between their current understanding of addition and where they need to be in their mathematical skills. As students interact with the cubes, the teacher can guide them through the process, offering strategies and scaffolding that encourage deeper comprehension of regrouping.

This method illustrates the application of Vygotsky's theory by incorporating guided learning experiences that promote greater independence in problem-solving over time. Students are not merely completing tasks on their own; they are actively engaging with the material and receiving the support necessary to progress in their learning journey.